電纜和電線有(you)啥區(qu)別(bie)？

1---材料的區別

電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)用于承載電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)金屬線(xian)(xian)材(cai)。有實心的(de)(de)﹑絞合(he)的(de)(de)或(huo)箔(bo)片編(bian)織的(de)(de)等各(ge)種形式。按絕(jue)緣狀況分為裸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)和(he)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)兩(liang)大類。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由一根或(huo)多根相互絕(jue)緣的(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)心置于密封(feng)護套中構成(cheng)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣導(dao)線(xian)(xian)。其外可(ke)加保護覆蓋層，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)與電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)區別在于電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)尺寸一般較(jiao)(jiao)小、結構較(jiao)(jiao)為簡單，但有時也將電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)歸入廣義的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)之列(lie)。

2---用途的區(qu)別

裸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)不包任何絕(jue)緣(yuan)或(huo)保護層的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。除(chu)作為傳(chuan)輸電(dian)(dian)能和信息的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)外，還可(ke)用于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)造電(dian)(dian)機﹑電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)構件(jian)和連接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。一般用銅(tong)、鋁、銅(tong)合金(jin)、鋁合金(jin)。此外，還有各種(zhong)適(shi)用于(yu)(yu)特種(zhong)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，如汽車用低壓電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、汽車用高(gao)壓點火線(xian)(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)器引接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、航(hang)空導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、補償導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)等。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)用于(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)輸、分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)能或(huo)傳(chuan)送電(dian)(dian)信號。 電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)按其用途可(ke)分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)、通信電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等。

3---結構的區別

電(dian)力電(dian)纜與普通電(dian)線的(de)差別主要是電(dian)纜尺寸較大，結構(gou)較復雜。電(dian)纜主要由以下4部分群(qun)組成。導電(dian)線心：用高(gao)電(dian)導率材(cai)料制(zhi)成。絕緣層：用作電(dian)纜的(de)絕緣材(cai)料應當具(ju)有高(gao)的(de)絕緣電(dian)阻，高(gao)的(de)擊穿電(dian)場強度。電(dian)纜常以絕緣材(cai)料分類。

除了上面的區(qu)別，電(dian)纜(lan)還具(ju)有(you)明(ming)顯的優勢。與架(jia)空(kong)線(xian)(xian)相比，電(dian)纜(lan)的優點是線(xian)(xian)間絕緣距離小(xiao)，占地(di)(di)空(kong)間小(xiao)，地(di)(di)下敷(fu)設(she)而不占地(di)(di)面以上空(kong)間，不受周圍環境(jing)污染(ran)影響，送電(dian)可靠性高，對(dui)(dui)人身和周圍環境(jing)干擾小(xiao)。因(yin)此，電(dian)纜(lan)多應用(yong)于人口密集和電(dian)網(wang)稠密區(qu)及交通擁擠繁忙(mang)處。對(dui)(dui)于現(xian)代(dai)化建設(she)有(you)著不可忽視(shi)的作用(yong)。